基于光漫反射的真空皮带脱水机滤布纠偏原理

介绍了湿法脱硫系统中真空皮带脱水机滤布的一种光漫反射纠偏装置,包括其主要部件如光漫反射传感器、电动推杆驱动装置、滤布控制滚轮等,重点阐述了光漫反射纠偏装置的工作原理及纠偏过程。光漫反射纠偏装置的主要原理是通过光漫反射传感器的输出信号来判断滤布的跑偏,根据光漫反射传感器的输出信号,DCS控制系统发送指令启动可伸缩的电动推杆装置来伸长和收缩推杆,从而控制滤布滚轮围绕着旋转点进行相应的倾斜调整,使滤布回到其中心位置。     

安全联锁设备SIL验证中的参数估计偏差分析*

为提高安全联锁系统（SIS）不可用度计算的准确性,减少SIL验证的不确定性偏差,研究参数估计置信度分别为70%和90%时功能安全标准IEC61508的恒定失效率算法与实际非恒定失效率（威布尔分布）算法结果的偏差。结果表明:在70%置信度时,采用指数分布算法计算PFDavg,比威布尔分布算法的计算结果偏大,2者的相对偏差平均值为68.01%;90%置信度时,2者的相对偏差平均值为42.63%,揭示功能安全标准IEC61508恒定失效率计算将显著高估SIS的不可用性,可能造成企业不必要的整改和相应的维护成本。     

回采巷道锚杆支护效果评判的改进突变级数法

为综合确定多种因素影响下回采巷道的锚杆支护效果,提出评判回采巷道锚杆支护效果的改进突变级数法。首先,多层次分解影响巷道锚杆支护效果的因素,根据离差最大化法改进突变级数法中的指标重要性排序问题;然后,构建基于改进突变级数法的锚杆支护效果评判模型,计算得出巷道锚杆支护效果评判级数;最后,对20个样本进行巷道锚杆支护效果评判及实例验证,确定模型的可行性和可靠性。结果表明:样本数据的模型检验预测结果与现场巷道锚杆支护稳定性结果一致;改进支护方案后,巷道稳定性由第Ⅲ级变为第Ⅱ级,与现场监测位移结果相符,可验证改进突变级数法的合理性和可靠性。     

HAZOP分析中LOPA的应用研究

通过分析危险与可操作性研究(HAZOP)方法的不足和保护层分析(LOPA)方法的功能,提出将LOPA融入HAZOP分析中,能进一步提高HAZOP的事故预防能力和丰富HAZOP的分析结果。介绍LOPA基本方法,阐述LOPA融入HAZOP的机理、衔接关系及分析步骤,并通过一个化工工艺流程危险性分析实例说明LOPA的作用及如何将LOPA融入HAZOP分析中。结果表明:在HAZOP分析中融入LOPA方法,能实现对现有保护措施的可靠性进行量化评估,确定其消除或降低风险的能力,从而寻求是否需要附加减少风险的安全保护措施。     

机场周围飞机噪声影响规律的研究

针对目前我国飞机噪声对机场周围敏感区域影响的状况,应用大量的环保验收等实测数据,对机场周围飞机噪声的变化规律进行了分析研究.其结果时于情况相近的机场周围飞机噪声的管理与治理提供参考.     

Calibration Catchment Selection for Flood Regionalization Modeling1

Wan Jaafar, Wan Zurina, and Dawei Han, 2012. Calibration Catchment Selection for Flood Regionalization Modeling. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 698‐706. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00648.x Abstract: There are two unsolved problems in flood regionalization model development related to the quantity and quality of calibration catchments: (1) how many calibration catchments should be used? and (2) how to select the calibration catchments? This study explores these two questions through a case study on the median annual maximum flood (QMED) model in the United Kingdom. It has been found that the chance of developing a good QMED model decreases significantly when the number of calibration catchments drops below a critical number (e.g., 60 in the case study). However, no significant improvement is achieved if the number of calibration catchments is above it. This number could be used as a benchmark for choosing randomly selected calibration catchments. Across a broad range of calibration catchment numbers, there are good and poor calibrated models regardless of calibration catchment numbers. High quality models could be developed from a small number of calibration catchments and also poor models from a large number of calibration catchments. This indicates that the number of calibration catchments may not be the dominating factor for developing a high quality regionalization model. Instead, the information content could be more important. The study has demonstrated that the standard deviation values between the best and poorest groups are distinctive and could be used in choosing appropriate calibration catchments.     

Brassinosteroid alleviates phenanthrene and pyrene phytotoxicity by increasing detoxification activity and photosynthesis in tomato

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of exogenously applied 24-epibrassinolide (BR) on growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems of tomato seedlings grown under different levels (0, 10, 30, 100 and 300 μM) of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) in hydroponics. A concentration-dependent decrease in growth, photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ_PSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) has been observed following PHE and PYR exposure. By contrast, non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was increased. PHE was found to induce higher stress than PYR. However, foliar or root application of BR (50 nM and 5 nM, respectively) alleviated all those depressions with a sharp improvement in the activity of photosynthetic machinery. The activities of guaicol peroxidase (GPOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in a dose-dependent manner under PHE or PYR treatments. Compared with control the highest increments of GPOD, CAT, APX, GR and MDA by PHE/PYR alone treatments were observed following 300 μM concentration, which were 67%, 87%, 53%, 95% and 74% by PHE and 42%, 53%, 30%, 86% and 62% by PYR, respectively. In addition, both reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were induced by PHE or PYR. Interestingly, BR application in either form further increased enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants in tomato roots treated with PHE or PYR. Our results suggest that BR has an anti-stress effect on tomato seedlings contaminated with PHE or PYR and this effect is mainly attributed by increased detoxification activity.     

城市污水处理厂运行稳定性评估方法初探

城市污水处理厂的运行稳定性，直接关系到其运行的成本和对环境的影响。然而，如何判断并改进污水厂的运行稳定性，尚缺乏深入的探讨。通过建立计算机辅助决策支持系统，引入统计学方法，探讨了城市污水处理厂运行稳定性的评估方法。污水处理厂运行稳定性的一个重要表征就是污水厂各工艺单元的各项指标和监测数值处于相对平稳的范围，因此，可以借鉴统计学的原理和方法，构建评估的指标和标准体系，对各常规监测指标长时段的监测数据进行统计分析，寻找时间序列的散布特征，判别工艺单元运行的稳定性，从而评估污水处理厂长期运行状况和趋势，为污水处理厂的管理与维护提供指导意见，改进其运行的稳定性。     

PM1切割器性能测试系统的搭建与应用

为对PM_1切割器的性能进行准确评估,本文设计搭建了两套PM_1切割器性能测试系统.结果发现,多分散气溶胶测试系统发生的气溶胶稳定、均匀,符合对数正态分布;单分散气溶胶测试系统发生的气溶胶稳定,单分散性良好.采用上述两套系统对5种PM1旋风切割器进行了性能评价,结果表明,两套系统测试结果基本一致,5种旋风切割器的切割粒径D50均在(1.0±0.1)μm之间,sharp-cut和Stairmand两类结构设计的切割器几何标准偏差σg分别在1.2±0.1和1.4±0.1之间.     

基于自适应偏最小二乘回归法的CUACE模式污染物预报偏差订正改进方法研究

针对GRAPES-CUACE模式预报的6种常规污染物浓度,采用非线性动力统计-订正方法——自适应偏最小二乘回归法,建立了中国不同地区的CUACE模式预报偏差订正模型,采用多种敏感性试验优选了不同季节各区域的最优自变量组合方案,并对2016年1—3月、11—12月全国342个城市PM_(2.5)浓度预报值进行了滚动订正检验,分析了订正前后PM_(2.5)浓度的时空变化特征,重点分析了该方法在京津冀、长三角、珠三角、川渝地区等关键区域的适用性及其改进效果.结果表明:(1)CUACE模式预报PM_(2.5)浓度普遍低于观测浓度,且与实测值的相关系数较低;CUACE 15 km分辨率模式PM_(2.5)浓度预报效果优于54 km分辨率模式,其中长三角地区改进最显著,珠三角和京津冀次之,川渝地区预报效果较差.(2)订正后的PM_(2.5)浓度更接近于实测值,订正后误差明显减小,相关系数明显提高,而且订正值与实测值的散点集中分布于对角线附近.(3)长三角地区PM_(2.5)浓度订正效果最好,准确率可达72.3%;珠三角地区次之,准确率为66.3%;京津冀和川渝地区订正效果稍差,但准确率亦可达63.6%和62.6%.(4)订正后污染日和非污染日的准确率、相关系数分别提高了57.5%和25.9%、304.8%和15.2%;绝对平均偏差、均方根误差分别减小了38.9%和18.7%、21.8%和8.5%.(5)针对北京、上海、广州、乐山的不同重污染过程,订正后的平均绝对误差分别减小了12.07%、46.63%、36.66%、17.71%,相关系数分别提升了25.86%、22.22%、16.92%、162.5%,说明该订正方法适用于不同地区的不同重污染过程的预报.